Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a disease where glucose rate ( simple sugar) in high blood because body cannot discharge or applies insulin enoughly.

Insulin is hormone discharged by pancreas, having responsibility in maintaining normal blood sugar rate. Insulin enters sugar into cell so that can yield energy or kept as energy reserve.

According to diagnostic criteria PERKENI ( Bevy of Indonesia Endocrinology) 2006, someone is told to suffers diabetes if having fasting blood sugar rate > 126 mg/dL and at test at the time > 200 mg/dL.

Blood sugar rate all day long varies where will increase after eating and back normal during 2 hour(clock.

Normal blood sugar rate to morning after night before all fasts is 70-110 mg/dL blood. Blood sugar rate usually less than 120-140 mg/dL at 2 hour(clock after eating or drinking sugary dilution and also other carbohydrate.

Normal blood sugar rate tended to increase lightly but progressive ( in phases) after age 50 years, especially at inactive people who moved.

Improvement of blood sugar rate after eating or drinking stimulates pancreas to yield insulin causing prevents increase of blood sugar rate that is further and causes blood sugar rate to decline slowly.

There is a way of other to reduce blood sugar rate that is by doing activity physical of like having athletics because muscle to apply glucose in blood to be made energy.

Cause & Diabetes mellitus Type

Diabetes happened if body didn't yield enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar rate or if cell didn't give correct response to insulin.

There is 2 Diabetes mellitus type, that is:

1. Diabetes mellitus type 1 ( diabetes which depends on to insulin)

- Patient yields a few insulins or not at all yields insulin

- Generally happened before age 30 years, that is children and adolescent.

- The scientists believes that environmental factor ( in the form of virus infection or factor gizi during initial child or adult) causes impenetrability system to break insulin producer cell in pancreas. For the happening of this thing is required [by] genetic tendency.

- 90% insulin producer cell ( beta cell) experiences permanent damage. Happened lacking of heavy insulin and patient must get injection of insulin regularly

2. Diabettes Mellitus type 2 ( diabetes which is not depended to insulin, NIDDM)

- Pancreas remain to yields insulin, sometime its(the rate is higher from normal. But body forms impenetrability to its(the effect, so that happened lacking of insulin relative

- Can happened at children and adult, but usually happened after age 30 years

- Risk factor for diabetes type 2 is obesity where around 80-90% patient experiences obesity.

- Diabetes mellitus type 2 also tends to degraded genetically in family

Other diabetes cause is:

" High corticosteroid rate

" Pregnancy of diabetes gestasional), will lose after delivering birth.

" Drugs which can destroy pancreas.

" Poison influencing forming or effect from insulin.



Diabetes complication Can Be Kill

Diabetes is disease having complication( causes the happening of other disease) which at most. This thing relates to continuous high blood sugar rate, causing causes its(the breakdown vein, other internal nerve and structure.

Complex matter consisted of by sugar in venous wall causes thick vein and experiences leakage. This thickening effect hence blood stream will decrease, especially which towards to skin and nerve.

Blood sugar rate that is is not is controlled also tends to causes fatty matter rate in blood increases, causing quickens the happening of aterosklerosis ( accumulation of fat plaque in vein). this Aterosklerosis 2-6 times a more regular happened at patient diabetes.

circulation of This ugly blood through big vein ( macro) can hurt brain, heart, and foot/feet vein ( makroangiopati), while small vein ( micro) can hurt eye, kidney, nerve and skin and slows down hurt healing.

Patient diabetes can be experience various long-range komplikasi if its(the diabetes was not managed carefully. Komplikasi which a more regular happened and killed is heart attack and stroke.

Damage at eye vein can cause eyesight trouble as result of damage at eye retina ( retinopati diabetikum). Disparity of kidney function can cause renal failure so that patient must experience haemodialysis ( dialisa).

Trouble at nerve bermanifestasi can in a few form. If one nerves experiences function disparity ( mononeuropati), hence an arm or ordinary tungkai suddenly becomes light.

If nerve which towards to hand, tungkai and foot/feet experiences damage ( polineuropati diabetikum), hence at arm and tungkai can be felt ant or pain in bone as combustible and weakness.

Damage at nerve causes a more regular skin to experience injuring because patient cannot rather accentual change and also temperature. The lessen of blood stream to skin also able to cause ulkus ( ulcer) and all healings of hurt runs slow. Ulkus in foot/feet can deeply and experiences infection and a period of its(the healing is old so that some of tungkai must be amputated.


Therapy For Diabetes mellitus

Purpose of main of therapy of diabetes is to maintain blood sugar rate in the range of normal. But, blood sugar rate which really normal difficult to defended.

Nevertheless, increasingly comes near the range of normal, hence possibility that the happening of komplikasi whereas and also long-range become on the wane. For the purpose is required blood sugar rate watcher regularly good is done self-supportingly by means of ... blood sugar rate test x'self in house or done in laboratory closest.

Therapy of diabetes covers operation of body weight, sport and diet. Someone who obesity and suffers diabetes type 2 will not require therapy if they to reduce its(the body weight and process raga regularly.

But, most of patient feels difficulty to reduce body weight and does regular sport. In consequence usually is given insulin mock-up therapy or hypoglycaemic drug ( penurun blood sugar rate) per-oral.

Diabetes type 1 only can be dosed with insulin but type curable 2 with oral air mechanism drug. If operation of body weight and having athletics fail to hence medical doctor then gives drinkable drug ( oral air mechanism = mouth) or applies insulin.

Following division of pharmacology therapy for diabetes, that is:

1. Oral air mechanism Hypoglycaemic Drug ( OHO)

2. Insulin Mock-Up Therapy